Causes of Increase in Price of Essentials in the Last Five Years Free Essays

string(225) " and projections like to estimate national demand for essential commodities for 2007, import scenarios in 2007, product-wise global production and price scenarios, comparison between Indian and Bangladeshi retail prices etc\." Term Paper Causes of increase in price of essentials in the last five years Department Of Economics East West University Submitted by: Afia Ibnat Sajoti : 2012-2-31-118 Nusrat Jahan : 2012-3-30- fzuuiuhio Date of submission: Table of contents: 1. Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1 2. Abstract: Increases in price level are also referred to as inflation. We will write a custom essay sample on Causes of Increase in Price of Essentials in the Last Five Years or any similar topic only for you Order Now Such price increases in an economy are usually due to the effect of macroeconomic factors like demand, supply and consumption. All other macroeconomic factors that affect increases in price level are somehow related to these three factors. Those other areas include interest rate, monetary policies and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Since mid-2007 basic food prices have rocketed with disastrous consequences for poor consumers. The spike in international market prices through the first half of 2008 has now subsided. Still prices of rice, wheat, corn (maize), and edible oils remain well above the levels of just a year ago and are likely to remain elevated and volatile for years to come. Two separate dynamics need to be understood in order for countries to make necessary adjustments. A gradual rise in food prices has been under way since at least 2004 with three general and fundamental factors at work: rapid economic growth in the People’s Republic of China and India especially put upward pressure on prices as demand simply outpaced supply; a sustained decline in the United States dollar since mid-decade added to the pressures on dollar-denominated international market prices; and a combination of high and rising fuel prices coupled with legislative mandates to increase production of biofuels has established a firm link between petroleum prices and food prices. The causes of price spikes are crop-specific. Drought and disease in 2007 caused wheat prices to jump, and supplies of edible oil were reduced as farmers in the United States shifted acreage out of soybeans into corn for nonfood uses (ethanol). Rice is the clearest example of crop-specific causes—the price spike was driven by export bans that were aimed at helping contain domestic food price inflation in exporting countries, but had the unintended effect of setting off panic as supplies to the already thin world rice market were sharply reduced. Asia will need several years of good rice harvests in order to stabilize the situation and reduce the exposure of the poor to another shock in food prices. This will not be easy to achieve as input costs are driven higher by high energy prices. Thus, it seems unlikely that world food prices will return to the declining trend seen between the mid-1970s and the first few years of this century. Introduction: The world prices of wheat, coarse grains, rice and oilseed crops all nearly doubled between the 2005 and 2007 marketing years and continued rising in early 2008. These increases in agricultural commodity prices have been a significant factor driving up the cost of food and have led to a fuller awareness and a justifiably heightened concern about problems of food security and hunger, especially for developing countries. The causes of this price spike are complex and due to a combination of mutually reinforcing factors, including droughts in key grain-producing regions, low stocks for cereals and oilseeds, increased feedstock use in the production of biofuels, rapidly rising oil prices and a continuing devaluation of the US dollar, the currency in which indicator prices for these commodities are typically quoted. This turmoil in commodity markets has occurred against the backdrop of an unsettled global economy, which in turn appears to have contributed to a substantial increase in speculative interest in agricultural futures markets. Tight market conditions for essential agricultural commodities pose policy challenges for national governments as well as for international organizations. In order to take the right policy decisions, we need to understand what caused the current price spike, what the implications may be for prices and price volatility in the future, and how various countries and members of society may be affected. This note aims to improve this understanding and thereby to contribute to sound policy formulation. Purpose and Scope: Price hike of essential commodities created various problems in the economic growth of Bangladesh. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a clear picture of price spike and its reasons, how it is creating problems in Bangladesh and in the global economy. This paper examines the issues at stake in light of rising food prices and This paper covers the present market situation of price movements that is about more or less within the year 2005 to 2011. This research only covers the essential commodities. Overall price movements of the economy are not the concern of this paper. Literature review: The focus of this literature review thus far has been price discovery in the beef sector. There are also several additional issues related to price discovery that should be considered. Among these issues are price transmission and identity preservation. By reading economical research PRICE OF DAILY ESSENTIALS: A DIAGNOSTIC STUDY OF RECENT TRENDS by Centre Policy Dialogue (CPD) it mentioned that Price hike of essential commodities has been one of the major challenges facing the incumbent Caretaker Government (CTG) of Bangladesh. The economy has been experiencing a creeping inflation over the recent past. Two most distinctive features of this inflationary trend had been the following: (i) increase in food prices had been more than that of non-food prices, and (ii) consumer price index was higher in the rural areas than in the urban counterparts. These trends had adverse implications particularly for the poorest segments of the society, given that there has not been any tangible increase in their real income. It broadly provided the current situation of our economics by showing an analysis of the supply chain of selected essentials items and distribution of recent commodity prices like rice, wheat flour, potato, onion, vegetables, eggs etc. It also demonstrated the current supply situation of selected essential items and projections like to estimate national demand for essential commodities for 2007, import scenarios in 2007, product-wise global production and price scenarios, comparison between Indian and Bangladeshi retail prices etc. You read "Causes of Increase in Price of Essentials in the Last Five Years" in category "Papers" Methodology: This research is conducted on the basis of secondary information and the market research done by various parties. Information has been collected from relevant papers and documents provided by the different governmental departments and international organizations, publications of different research think tanks and newspaper and web site. The steps that can be taken are This term paper is based on secondary data. It is a quantitative and research. Data is mainly from some renowned institutions like CPD, BB, BIDS, BBS, BEA, IPB etc. Limitations: Due to data limitation, this assessment is done by a simple methodology of comparing pre and post price shock. The literature reviewed in this study covers many of the topics important to price discovery. However it should be noted that the literature covers many decades of work by many authors. Therefore this study has focused on the significant and broad based work found in the literature. FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS Price changes and trends Global food and oil price hike have also increased the bar of food price in the local market. The food price of essential commodities has been increasing hastily since 2005 and climbed at the highest peak of the decade in 2008. However, prices declined a bit in 2009 but again started to increase since 2010 and till November 2011 prices of most of the essential commodities has risen more than those of 2008. If taken 2005 as the base year, the scenario of food prices in 2011 becomes a matter of stun and awe. From the table- 1, it is comprehensible that the prices of coarse, medium and fine rice have been doubled in 2011 than those of 2005. The price of Atta (white) increased by 83. 33 percent by November compared to 2005. The price of soybean and palm oil increased by 147 percent and 151. 22 percent respectively by November 2011 relative to 2005. The price of garlic in 2005 was Tk. 54/Kg while it increased by 122. 22 percent by November 2011. The prices of different types of pulses have increased over the years at an incredible rate. The prices of baby food items, powder milk and sugar are also on an upward movement. It might be very difficult for the poor people to manage three meals a day when the prices of essential commodities are on the rise at an accelerating rate and volatile. As a result of this volatile nature of the price of essential commodities, the poorest segment and the limited earners are in great distressed. Consumer Price Index and Trend of Food and Non-food Inflation A measure that examines the weighted average prices of a basket of consumer goods and services, such as transportation, essential food and medical care. Specially, here we consider consumer goods i. e. ;essential food items. However, the CPI measures how much the price of consumer goods has changed over a given time period. It measures the inflation and deflation. If the large rises in CPI during short period of time indicate a period of inflation and large drops indicate deflation. From the table-2, it is caught sighted that recent data indicates the upward trend of consumer price index (CPI) in general and prices of essential commodities exceeds beyond the limit of poor income group or fixed earners. National (CPI) average is 10. 24 percent and 12. 2 percent for the month of October’ 2011. While the food prices of rural areas continued to boost at an accelerating rate compare to the food prices of urban. It is really a threat for the developing country like Bangladesh. This is clearly shown in the figure-1. Causes of the Current Increase in Food Prices * Black Marketing: In some cases, when governments or regulatory bodies s et a maximum price for a good, this leads to black markets. To be effective, the maximum price has to be below the market price that prevails as a result of the interaction of demand and supply. For example, the market price of wheat is $5. The government is regulating the industry and fixes a price of $4 as the maximum price. Supply of wheat is going to reduce and demand is going to increase based on the laws of demand and supply. This will lead to a shortage as people are demanding more wheat than is being supplied. Some consumers will be willing to pay the original market price for wheat ($5) and some will be willing to pay even higher. This leads to a black market where suppliers will provide the willing consumers with wheat at a price higher than the prevailing one. It broadly means holding the inventories and selling it at a higher price. It creates artificial scarcity in the economy in spite of increase in production and results in price rise, * Black money: Black money encourages the people to the demand of goods and services in the economy thereby leading to high rise in the general price level. Tax evasion here is widespread with a new study by the finance ministry finding that undeclared income or ‘black money’ could account for up to 80 per cent of Gross Domestic Product — some $110 billion. Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS) Research Director Binayak Sen argued that the housing sector has seen one of the most visible growths. †¦ why only took 450 to Tk 500 million is earned as tax and why the number of people having above Tk 200 million property is only 4000?†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ It should not be less than 20 to 30 million if the valuation is calculated at market rate and not at the source rate,† said Binayak. Economists hold the view that black money breeding can become a major factor behind persistent inflation through misallocation of resources and shifts of resources from productive investment to current profligate consumption. Rapid Growth of Population: The rapid growth of population means more mouths to feed, more demand of clothing and basic necessities as compared to supply of goods and services which result in price rise. Several population factors play an important role in the increasing and changing nature of the demand for food, while also constricting supply and access to food. The population’s role is often neither direct nor simple, and its impacts can vary at the local and global level. Nonetheless, many demographic trends that affect food supply and demand, especially rapid population growth, urbanization, population density of the rural poor, and migration for employment, are projected to continue. Urbanization, the growth of the middle class and associated changes in consumption patterns, migration and wage employment, large family size are all contributing factors as well. * Deficit Financing: Deficit financing, practice in which a government spends more money than it receives as revenue, the difference being made up by borrowing or minting new funds. Although budget deficits may occur for numerous reasons, the term sually refers to a conscious attempt to stimulate the economy by lowering tax rates or increasing government expenditures. It means printing more currency notes and coins. Deficit financing is done mainly to meet the budgetary deficit. It results in more supply of money in the economy but when the increase in the supply of money corresponds with less increase in the supply of goods and services (National output) there is a rise in the price of goods and services * High and rising price of energy: Energy and agricultural prices have become increasingly intertwined. With oil prices at an all-time high approaching $150/barrel, the U. S. government is subsidizing farmers to grow crops for energy. The U. S. farmers have massively shifted their cultivation towards bio-fuel feedstocks. High energy prices have also made agricultural production more expensive by raising the cost of mechanical cultivation and fertilizers, as well as marketing including cost of transportation. At the same time, the growing world population is demanding more and different kinds of food. * Rapid economic growth: Rapid economic growth in many developing countries, especially China and India have pushed up consumers’ purchasing power, generating increased demand for food. This has shifted food demand away from traditional staples and toward higher-value foods like meat and milk. In the last five years, the  world economy  has grown on average by 8. 6% per year. The means our incomes have increased by this amount in real terms every year. Most of the contribution to economic growth has come from service industries, and manufacturing industries to a lesser extent. On the flip side of this, the agricultural sector has seen extremely poor growth in the last five years. While the overall economy has been growing 8. 6% per year, the agricultural sector has grown by a paltry 3. % per year in the last five years, on average. Thus, our income is rising a lot faster than food production. Demand is rising much faster than supply, and this is causing the high levels of food price in inflation. In addition, population is also growing by 1. 3% per year, further increasing the demand for food. * Dollar- depreciation: The rapid depreciation of the dollar against the euro and some other important currencies drives up the price of commodities quoted in dollars for both supply and demand reasons (see below). The depreciation of the dollar also causes investors â€Å"long† in dollars (i. e. most US-based investors, but holders of dollars globally as well) to seek hedges against this loss of value, with commodities being one attractive option. a sustained decline in the dollar since mid-decade added to the upward price. Pressure on dollar-denominated commodity prices directly, and indirectly fueled a search for speculative hedges against the declining dollar. Increasingly since 2006, these hedges were found first in petroleum, then in other widely traded commodities, including wheat, corn, and vegetable oils. * Increase in Money Supply: Money supply includes currency notes and coins, demands and time deposits. Increase in money supply shows that people in an economy are ready to spend more money for buying goods and services. Conclusion Essential commodities especially food in our country are important concerns at policy level to ensure the welfare of the mass people. In this regard price hike comes to top most concern with respect to food security because if the price hike causes food insecurity for the mass of the people of our country. Availability of food, though indispensable for food security, is not enough to significantly improve food security at the household level. For improved household food security, all our efforts are needed to ensure nutrition of the poor through improving their accessibility to food and ensuring full biological utilization of the food. The overall food security can be well attained when increased accessibility to food is ensured through enhanced skill in domestic agriculture and increased availability of cereals and non-cereals, through attaining food accessibility by a sustained increase in the income of the poor and through education and health services leading to effective utilization of food of the malnourished people. It is expected that the people of the country will be able to enjoy their desired needs through essential commodities. For ensuring this situation price hike in essential commodities are to be taken into control. All the government initiatives should be targeted to increase production, reducing costs, ensure fair competition (competition law may be enacted and enforced) and gaining confidence of the business community and by ensuring these supplies could be increased and be able to keep pace with demand and price could be handled. References 1. Bangladesh institute of development studies (BIDS) Global Commodity Price Volatility and Domestic Inflation: Impact on the Performance of the Financial Sector in Bangladesh. 2. Center For Policy Dialogue PRICE OF DAILY ESSENTIALS: A DIAGNOSTIC STUDY OF RECENT TRENDS A report prepared for the Ministry of Commerce, Government of Bangladesh 3. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) 4. The Finance Express (FE) Rising food prices in Bangladesh: Causes, poverty impacts and policy actions 5. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Research Current State of Price Hike In Bangladesh: An Analysis Of Food Items. 6. 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Baseball and American Popular Culture Essay Example For Students

Baseball and American Popular Culture Essay Baseball is an integral part of American pop culture. Many Americans grow up with baseball, playing it before they can even count all the bases. It is glorified, taught, and fed to us. When we play baseball, we find a respect for the game. The respect we gain from playing it has turned the game into a tradition of American culture. It has formed itself into the business of professional baseball, namely major league baseball. Professional players have become recognized all over the world. They are sought out and admired by fans. Because of their popularity, these players have written books, endorsed commercial products, and found successful and rewarding careers by playing a game. According to Wallup, author of Baseball: An Informal History, baseball has been apart of our culture since the mid to late nineteenth century(Wallup, p16). Our great grandparents, grandparents, and parents have been brought up with it and our parents teach the sport to us. When the notion of baseball comes to mind, a feeling of nostalgia and tradition come to me. Many of my feelings and memories originate from my childhood. I remember a beautiful summer day. My dad and I arrived at the baseball stadium to watch the game. We walked up the concrete walkway inside the stadium. The concrete walls and floors made my surroundings drab and grey. Finally, we made it to entrance into the stadium. I came out of the dark tunnels into the bright sunlight. The first thing to catch my eye was the vivid rush of color. Underneath the fluffy white clouds and their deep blue canvas, I could look down and see players in vibrant red and blue uniforms warming up for the game. The well-watered grass on the field was a brighter green than any other grass I had seen. The outfield seemed to be so perfect. It appeared that each blade had been cut by hand. The edge of the infield, where the dark, watered-down dirt met the intensely green grass was a precise and well-defined contrast. We sat down and I took in my surroundings. There were men walking up and down the stairs selling various concessions. They had peanuts, beer, soda, ice cream, popcorn, and many other tempting treats. The players soon finished their warm-ups and the crowd became frenzied with excitement. The game was about to start. Baseball has its own traditions in America and playing the national anthem is one of them. This well-practiced act of group togetherness serves two purposes. First, it pays tribute to our country, bringing our American values to the game. Secondly, it seems to hype up the game, making the cheering crowd an active part of the contest. This enthusiasm leads to cheers when their team turns a great play or to boos and catcalls due to an umpires bad judgement. It hard to describe why Americans likes to watch baseball. For me, it has to do with the excitement and appreciation of the game. Since I was big enough to hold a baseball, I have been playing the game. I appreciate it because I have played it and I have experienced the struggle between pitcher and batter. Neither one hates the other, but when the pitcher takes the mound, he or she wants to blast it past his opponent. Conversely, when batters step up, their personal goal is to put a hole through the pitcher when they send the ball blazing back. Its this understanding of the emotions involved that makes watching the game enjoyable to me.It has become a tradition to go watch a game with the family. .u14403d6d77a4ce3cf4e5a29e133e3bb6 , .u14403d6d77a4ce3cf4e5a29e133e3bb6 .postImageUrl , .u14403d6d77a4ce3cf4e5a29e133e3bb6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u14403d6d77a4ce3cf4e5a29e133e3bb6 , .u14403d6d77a4ce3cf4e5a29e133e3bb6:hover , .u14403d6d77a4ce3cf4e5a29e133e3bb6:visited , .u14403d6d77a4ce3cf4e5a29e133e3bb6:active { border:0!important; } .u14403d6d77a4ce3cf4e5a29e133e3bb6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u14403d6d77a4ce3cf4e5a29e133e3bb6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u14403d6d77a4ce3cf4e5a29e133e3bb6:active , .u14403d6d77a4ce3cf4e5a29e133e3bb6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u14403d6d77a4ce3cf4e5a29e133e3bb6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u14403d6d77a4ce3cf4e5a29e133e3bb6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u14403d6d77a4ce3cf4e5a29e133e3bb6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u14403d6d77a4ce3cf4e5a29e133e3bb6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u14403d6d77a4ce3cf4e5a29e133e3bb6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u14403d6d77a4ce3cf4e5a29e133e3bb6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u14403d6d77a4ce3cf4e5a29e133e3bb6 .u14403d6d77a4ce3cf4e5a29e133e3bb6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u14403d6d77a4ce3cf4e5a29e133e3bb6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: of Eukaryotic Organelles 10/1/96 Essay Rooted in this custom are our cultures values of family and passing the experiences from parent to child. According to A.G. Spalding, author of Americas National Game, baseball is the exponent of American Courage, Confidence, Combativeness . ..Dash, .. .Determination, Energy, Enthusiasm . ..Spirit, .. .Vim, Vigor, and Virility(Spalding, p.4). We see the game of baseball as an activity for family to go to the local ball park to see a son, daughter, nephew, or niece play. It pleases us to see our friends or family playing the game and enjoying it. Baseball gives us reason to get our

Throughout Battery Park, In Downtown New York City, The Sculpture I Fo

Throughout Battery Park, in downtown New York City, the sculpture I found to be most intriguing is the New York City Police Memorial, by Stuart B. Crawford. Memorials and monuments create solid, deeper meaning to the public. This is because memorials contain certain information, which is clear to the viewers. This New York Police Memorial serves as a constant reminder of the officers who have past away serving the people of the city. The emotion that this piece emits is very different compared to sculptures by Alexander Calder or Ned Smyth's The Upper Room which therefore produce a different kind of interaction of the audience and the piece. In my analysis, I will have a well thought out argument on the reactions of the public to works of public art. I will discus how the Police Memorial's historical background and how it was developed. I will furthermore provide a formal description of the Memorial and how the work functions. When an artist displays a work of art in a public place he or she must take into consideration many different aspects before making the structure. The degree of interaction that may take place between the public and the work of art is well thought out by the artists. The artist considers what the piece is portraying and the purpose of making art. At the same time, different types of people are attracted to art in different ways. In this case, viewers are either fascinated by the work, reminded of the deceased, taught a lesson or simply admire the work of art. The reaction of this piece by the public ranges greatly, I witness people interacting with the work to eat their lunch or read a book, as well as people walking by it without noticing it. Memorials are meant to function as a constant reminder of the people that served the nation in some way and who have died while doing so. This is comparable to cemeteries in a way that it is for people to remember the ones that passed away. Monuments on the other hand, are meant to celebrate life or victory instead of celebrating the dead. They are similar though, in that they both unite the nation as one by bringing the people as viewers. Both monuments and memorials convey greater meanings than other works of public art, because they are functional works of art that operate as an emotional stimulant. They usually have names, dates or sometimes a little passage on the piece that explains the work's purpose. There are other public works of art that are also functional. For example, The Upper Room, by Ned Smyth. This is a structure that has chairs and tables, which are created in a very beautiful, pastel colored mosaic. It's a called a room because it act as an interior room although it is part of the exterior environment. A series of columns separates it from the surroundings. People are attracted by the soft pinkish colors and the very elaborate glass and stone mosaics. People go there to eat their lunch, relax, read a book, or just to enjoy the view of the water. Sometimes children go there and pretend the sculpture as a castle or some enchanted site that they imagine. The artist wanted to make a place for the people to come together; to commune and interact with one another. It is a place for the community to take time to relax and to break free from their busy schedule. Where as the Police Memorial is not as brightly colored because it is made to mourn the dead. The sculpture is much more private, and does not attract many viewers. There is a bench for people to sit, but the reactions of the public of these two pieces are clearly different. In comparing the Police Memorial to the works done by Alexander Calder, a sculptor of mid-twentieth century, I find that his works were more playful and pleasing to the eye. He made large metal, mobile-like pieces that stand outside buildings. His purpose behind the pieces were simpler, it was more a study of forms, shapes, color and balance. So people are attracted to the sculpture because it is a definition of

Consider George Eliots narrative techniques in Chapters 13 and 19 of Silas Marner Essays

Consider George Eliots narrative techniques in Chapters 13 and 19 of Silas Marner Essays Consider George Eliots narrative techniques in Chapters 13 and 19 of Silas Marner Paper Consider George Eliots narrative techniques in Chapters 13 and 19 of Silas Marner Paper Essay Topic: Literature These two chapters are linked by the desires of Silas and Godfrey. Desire for the same person, Eppie, but with entirely different motives. Both see themselves as Eppies father. In these two characters, George Elliot writes of the overlapping emotions of love and desire. The choice between wanting the best for another person and selfish craving. Silas Marner is a weaver who lives in a close-knit community called Raveloe. He is framed so people believe that he had stolen some money. This does not trouble him as he has a strong faith and trusts God will clear his name. This is what makes chapter 19 so significant. In this chapter, Silas faith is restored to what it was before he became embittered. With age he had become a bitter old man who had lost his faith and, as a consequence, was pushed away from his community. His faith in God is eventually restored when he learns how to love and that he, himself, is also loved. This love is from Eppie, a baby girl, which Silas believes God has sent to him. This happens in chapter 13. These two chapters also show a contrast in the attitude of Silas and of another main character in the book, Godfrey Casse. Eppie is actually Godfrey Casses secret daughter. In chapter 13 Godfreys attitude is that Eppie is his dark secret come to haunt him. However in chapter 19 Godfrey knows he is unable to have any other children and desperately wants Eppie under his wing. Eppie, though, shows her love for Silas and remains faithful to him. Chapter 13 By only reading the first paragraph in the chapter you can already see that there is a clear social divide of upper and lower classes. Once the servants duties were over, they were allowed to come and watch the celebration. This shows us that in this era people with money were though to have better lives yet in chapter 19 Eppie turns down the upper class life that she could have. It shows that being a lady does not necessarily make you happy. George Elliot portrays Godfrey as a very anxious character and his Father Bob Casse as the complete opposite. The Squire, his father, is arrogant. This demonstrates out how this one dark secret is ruining his life. The way Godfrey only watches Nancy shows us he is really quite shy. He refers to Godfrey staring at Nancy, who could be his whole new life. The writer then cleverly draws full attention to his past. Using short phrases and delving into the mind of Godfrey we see the shock and shame he carries. Once again we see Godfreys weak persona He was tight lipped and trembling. This strong descriptive language show us his guilt, To shake with emotion is an extreme. Silas short simple verbal communication such as Its a woman, shows us that he is not familiar with talking to people, emphasizing his loneliness. Nancy addresses Godfrey to ask him, what child is it? Godfrey is weak and replies with, I dont know, even though he clearly knows the child is his. This reveals how much he values what he could lose socially and how much more he cares for what he possesses rather than claiming his own child. The author now shows us a side of Silas that we have not seen before. Silas is abrupt, impulsive and yet certain about his decision-making. He says No, no I cant part with it, I cant let it go. He even surprises himself in his great capacity to love. Mrs Kimble says to her neighbour, she is shocked by Silas care for the childhood Eppie. Now Elliot represents Silas as a entirely new character. She also writes a whole paragraph on what is going on inside of Godfreys mind (page 142). This presents to us how frightened he is of losing Nancy. Despite this, he then proceeds to plan his life, trying to tell himself everything is as it should be. He even gives Marner some money for Eppie to try and clear his conscience. However, Godfrey is still fighting with his thoughts, trying to make himself feel what he is doing, is for the best. Before the reader may have had sympathy for Godfrey but now he is being selfish and wanting both the child and Nancy by asking Silas to take it to the parish. For not the only time in the book Eppie looks away from Godfrey and turns to Silas rejecting her real father. Elliot trys to make Eppie sweet and innocent by describing her wide-open blue eyes as she is now at peace and unaware of what a big ordeal she has in her life to come. Elliot gives us a very special inside view into Godfreys mind. Even though he is not necessarily a bad man the reader knows all his bad thoughts. Thoughts that most people would never expose to the world but deep inside he harbours. This shows us Godfreys weaknesses. Chapter 19 Even though there is a sixteen year gap between these two chapters they are still very closely linked. In this chapter there is a high proportion of dialogue as a lot of it is about relationships. It differs from chapter 13 where peoples thought were in their heads. Now they speak their thoughts aloud. Elliot makes the absence of Eppie from Godfreys life as bad as possible. He and Nancy cannot have children and he needs an heir to all his land and home so now he desparately wants Eppie. Class is also a big issue in the chapter. Godfrey is shown as a villain. He talks down to Silas by calling him Marner, also indicating the social hierarchy. This also gains sympathy for Marner as does his selflessness. He assumes that Eppie would love to go and live with Godfrey and says I wont stand in your way Eppie. This kindness makes the reader love Silas and also brings out Godfreys selfishness. Once Silas was a selfish, bitter man and Godfrey felt like he was the lucky one. Now the roles have been reversed. Silas is now able to express his emotions Heart out of my body is a simile describing his feelings for Eppie. It shows the complete change in character. Godfrey believes Eppie is better off as a Lady marrying a gentleman. Eppie shows that she can marry someone of a lower class. She does this and is pleased to prove Godfrey wrong. To show their emotions, she uses physical gestures such as Eppie standing next to Silas.

Psychiatric Illness with Substance Misuse Essay

Psychiatric Illness with Substance Misuse - Essay Example Jenny is well known in psychiatric services, has a long history of substance misuse and 3 hospital admissions –the last being in October 2010. In this essay, I am going to focus on the last few years of my client journey and the period from her last admission to hospital to where she is now. I will explore how she came to this point from her perspective and analyze the information gathered in interviews. Due to illicit substance misuse and non-compliance with her treatment, Jenny's mental state deteriorated leading to a hospital admission. When discussing her drug addiction problem, Jenny talked about various stressors in her life prior to admission to hospital and using drugs to escape from problems and not being able to break the cycle of dependence. Jenny talked about her drug habit and how it affected her mental state and behavior. She acknowledged prior to her admission to hospital that she started to feel negative about herself, neglect her personal hygiene and increasin gly feel agitated and angry. At that time, she continued to drink alcohol and use crack cocaine and cannabis as she found it difficult to overcome her cravings and was not compliant with her treatment. She reported feeling threatened by fellow female occupants at her supported accommodation and felt they were trying to harm her. Her record showed that on admission she was aroused, agitated, talking to self, trying to kill some insect on her shoes and responding to unknown stimuli saying that there were spiders around her body. Substance misuse affects people’s mental health in relation to how they see themselves, their mood and behavior.  

Red Spot Markets Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Red Spot Markets Company - Essay Example Possibly, a third and more strategic issue is the decision to close down the Providence center and shift all operations to Newburgh. First, we try and understand the impact of the first problem. Shrinkage directly impacts retailer margins since it is a loss of inventory. This is of concern to the senior management. At the operational level, this leads to a different kind of conflict. The DC (Distribution Center) loads cartons in which, as per the delivery note or shipment advice, a specified number of bottles or packs of a particular product is packed. However, when the stores receive the goods and they find shortage, then they report it as short receipts and make a note accordingly. Often, the DC employee states that it is not his problem and blames in-transit loss of goods. For the stores, it is a problem since the shelves would not be fully stacked. Repeated complaints from stores would imply the seriousness of the problem. Yet, managers who seek to address such problems need to d iscuss with DC personnel and with the store teams on these issues. Decisions cannot be taken without consulting both sides. The second problem is handling a dominant employee who seems to exert both a positive and negative influence on his team members. The situation would have been positive if, even in Bigelow’s absence, the DC operated smoothly with very minor lapses due to lack of leadership. But we find clear evidence that he has been able to influence his co-workers to sabotage daily operations because of his unjustified suspension. This kind of negative influence is bound to affect the company in the long run. It shifts the focus from an impartial, unbiased dedication to work to dependence on a single person, who can drive day-to-day activities. For an aggressive DC manager, Bigelow is bound to create problems. He is unlikely to take orders from his superior. In fact, Bigelow has been trying to lord over his superiors. A second problem is that such a leadership (Bigelow ’s) would foster a cover-up of real problems. For instance, if two or three poor performers are there in his team, then Bigelow would try to cover their shortcomings. This would impact worker morale and productivity. A similar attitude of covering up of performance metrics (such as shrinkage) would ensue since we have glimpses of such acts towards the end of the case. The third issue, more strategic in nature, calls for a decision to shut down the DC in Providence and shift to Newburgh. This could have a bigger impact on the company. The first is that there must be a thorough assessment of whether the Newburgh facility can handle the volumes which were earlier managed by the Providence DC. It needs proper computation of DC space, forklift movement space and additional personnel needed to man operations. The second point of concern is the distances which need to be served if all logistics were to be managed from the Newburgh center. Response time may increase leading to empty or partially replenished shelves at the retail stores. This would directly hit the store revenues. The third issue would also lead us to the problem of managing retrenchment or re-allocation of personnel from the Providence DC. Employees with strong roots may resist any attempts to re-locate and they may be willing to give up their jobs. Additionally, this could result in legal problems if any of them decide to sue the company. Plus, there could be talented, good performers at the Providence DC, who may not

Compare and contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Compare and contrast - Essay Example On the other hand, Brown counteracts Moskos argument and in turn revokes the legalization of drugs in the U.S indicating that this would lead to more serious consequences as drugs will become accessible to more potential drug addicts including infants (455). Comparison and Contrast Both articles have a strong perception on the reason for drug regulation. Moreover, they concede the need of decreasing the use of illegal drugs because of the associate consequences. Additionally, the both recognize that enforcement will not solely solve the mystery of illegal drug use. However, their approach on drug regulation differs considerably. Moskos’ article advocates for drug legalization arguing that it is impossible to regulate a prohibited drug. Consequently, the author adopts the legalization of illegal drugs such as marijuana, crack heroin, and crystal meth as a measure of regulating them through high taxes, which will regulate the users because of the high prices as opposed to law en forcement regulation indicating, â€Å"Law enforcement can’t reduce supply and demand† (452). ... The two articles present diversified view on the main cause of illegal drug use, failure of illegal drugs regulation, and the effect it has on the society. Moskos article (too dangerous not to regulate) substantially portrays that drug prohibition has largely contributed to the use of illegal drugs as well as promoting illegal drug trade. The author further indicates that the failure to regulate the use of illegal in most governments has been because of prohibition making it impossible for the state to regulate the circulation of the drugs. Moskos asserts crime, HIV spread, and violence as major consequences of prohibition. Contrastingly, Brown revokes prohibition of illegal drugs as the main cause of widespread of illegal drug abuse. Brown contradicts Moskos argument by indicating that people do not use drugs because they are illegal thus not possible to overlook the use of law enforcement and interdiction in drug regulation. The author further explores the adverse effects of drug a buse indication that it does not only affect the individuals using, but also closely related members of the family and friends as opposed to Moskos effects seen to be on a personal perspective. Both articles have use examples to support their arguments. However, the examples present contradicting results. Moskos indicates that the legalization of marijuana in Netherland that promoted the number of drug addicts. Furthermore, Moskos use the example of the measure that tried in vain to prohibit alcohol between 1920 and 1933, which facilitated the increase in crime that resulted to the end alcohol prohibition. On the other hand, Brown uses the example of the Dutch